Alessandro Piccinini (1566–1638) was an Italian lutenist and composer.
Piccinini was born into a musical family in Bologna: his father, Leonardo Maria Piccinini, taught Alessandro and his brothers Girolamo (died 1615) and Filippo (died 1648) to play the lute. He worked at the court of the Este family in Ferrara (from 1582 to 1597) and for Cardinal Pietro Aldobrandini, papal legate in Bologna and Ferrara. Piccinini died around 1638, probably in Bologna.
He is best known for his two volumes of lute music: Intavolatura di Liuto et di Chitarrone, libro primo (Bologna, 1623) and Intavolaturo di Liuto (Bologna, 1639), the latter published posthumously by his son Leonardo Maria Piccinini. The 1623 collection is of particular importance because of Piccinini’s extensive preface, which contains detailed instructions for performance and claims to have invented the archlute (Piccinini also made significant changes to the chitarrone). Piccinini focused on toccatas, courantes, and galliards, as well as various types of variations. No other works by Piccinini are known; his music for La selva sin amor, the first opera performed in Spain, composed by his brother Filippo Piccinini, has been lost.