Enríquez de Valderrábano (ca. 1500 – ca. 1557) was a Spanish vihuelist and composer of the 16th century.
Sein Geburtsort ist nicht mit Sicherheit bekannt. Einige Hinweise deuten darauf hin, dass er entweder in Peñaranda de Duero oder in Valderrábano in der Provinz Palencia geboren wurde. Von der ersten Gemeinde ist bekannt, dass er zumindest dort wohnhaft war.
1547 veröffentlichte er das Vihuela-Musikbuch mit dem Titel Silva de Sirenas, bekannt einfach als Silva de Sirenas, an dem er zwölf Jahre lang gearbeitet hatte.
The work is divided into seven books containing a total of 171 pieces. In the titles of the compositions, he uses a variety of terms and genres: fugues, counterpoints, fantasias, differences, sonnets, bajas, pavanes, vacas, discantes, songs, proverbs, romances, and Christmas carols. Some compositions are for vihuela solo, others for vihuela and voice. As was common among vihuelists of his generation, many of his compositions are transcriptions or arrangements for vihuela, or vihuela and solo voice, of vocal polyphonic works by other composers such as Josquin Des Pres, Nicolas Gombert, Francesco de Layolle, Philippe Verdelot, Lupus, Jorge Báez de Sepúlveda, Loyset Compère, Jacquet of Mantua, Cristóbal de Morales, Loyset Piéton, Adrian Willaert, Vincenzo Ruffo, Diego Ortiz, Juan Vásquez, Mateo Flecha el Viejo, Francesco da Milano, Jean Mouton, Jacques Arcadelt, Claudin de Sermisy, Pierre Moulu, and Noel Baulduin. All of this suggests that he was a well-educated man with extensive knowledge of European vocal music of his time. Furthermore, he moved in circles that gave him access to a type of music that was not widely known at the time, as this required a rich library of music manuscripts.